Wood Species

Spruce wood

Spruce belongs to powerful and durable trees.

Under favorable conditionsit reaches height of 40-50 m.

The old giant specimens may rich 1.5 m in diameter and

the age of 300 - 400 years. The tree needs 100 years to have height of 35 m.

Spruce is widely used for landscaping and cities, especially its decorative forms.

The tree has broad crown, usually without branches.

Spruce bark is thin,of reddish-brown color, with a resinous secretions.

Needles are sharp, shiny, dark green, and their length exceeds 2.5 cm.

Spruce is an unpretentious tree. It carries easily considerable shade,

high humidity and even a slight soil waterlogging. When the weather is dry,

tree branches fall down, and when it is wet outside, before the rain, they rise up.

Spruce can even grow in cracks of rocks. Beeing under the tent of deciduous

trees and shrubs are favorable conditions for the tree, and soon

spruce drowns them.Spruce wood is valuable for its softness, lightness,

uniformity of structure, small gummosity, even white color, which won't turn dim.

It has diminutive fibers and even increase in diameter,

which provides its resonance properties.Spruce is used as a medicinal herb

for wound healing particularly.

Long time ago it was obligatory for pitch, tar, rosin, wood vinegar production.

The disadvantage of spruce is that its wood because of small amount

of pitch, rots quickly when staying outdoors.In physical and mechanical properties

it is inferior to pine, but in quality factor it dominates (3-4%).

Spruce wood is harder to chip than pine wood, because

of greater amount of knotholes, dark tarry knotholes and increased hardness,

which occurs very often.

Spruce properties:

Pine wood

Pine is a beautiful conifer with smooth and thin barrel, common in cold

and temperate climates of the northern hemisphere, where it forms

forests and orchards on well drained soils and rocky slopes.

In average pine lives 350 years, reaching a height of 35 m to 75 m.

Water conditions:

Drought, period without rain lasts from 3 to 5 months.

Rainfalls total from 400 to 800 mm.

Pine is often used as building material. It has reddish-yellow or pale yellow colour.

But this does not affect working properties of the wood.

Soft structure of pine makes it easy to absorb different dyes.This refers to the lacquer.         

While drying pine wood doesn't deform It is durable, lightweight and does not cause

any difficulties in processing. In addition, due to high resin content, it is very resistant

to rot and influence of atmospheric phenomena. Pine wood (especially pine,

which grows in the western regionsof Ukraine) has high physical

and mechanical properties.

           Pine properties

 Poplar wood

Poplar is a deciduous tree with broad top that can reach up

to 35 meters height and 2 meters in diameter.Its trunk is straight and cylindrical,

with a thick brown bark.

This species endure very hard frosts and boasts of great plasticity,

shown in its hybrids variety. It grows preferably in deep, muddy, fertile,

and neutral pH- aerated soils.

Popular products:

-        matches;

-        toothpicks;

-        popsicle sticks;

-        panels;

-        wooden packaging.

Poplar properties

Oak wood     

Oak grows in foothill areas and reaches the 700-meter height.

It grows well in areas where rainfall exceeds 1500 mm per year.     

High strength and hardness of oak wood promotes production of small, but at

the same time, strong fastening connections.

Due to high tannin content, oak is considered to be most resistant to

rot (among all hardwoods). It also can bend and has a good texture and color.

Oak properties

Ash wood

Ash is a tall tree with openwork, high held crown and slender trunk.

It is durable, fast-growing, shade plant. Ash grows in the first tier of hardwood forests.

Ash wood is of high strength and toughness, mostly without cracking.

This tree is durable, resistant to rot, of very good texture, similar

to oak wood, gutters less and bends well while drying.

Static bending strength, striking density and edge hardness are 15% higher

compared with oak wood. Ash wood almost does not smell, and

the smell only occurs when it is fresh cut and processed.

Ash properties

Beech wood

Beech is a tree of mountainous areas only that lives 250 - 300 years

and reaches a height of 40 m and 2 m in diameter.

Beech wood has a high strength, good texture, but small resistance to rot.

Compared with oak, wood density, hardness and compressive strength along

the fibers is lower (2-10%), strength at static bending and striking

toughness are almost identical. It bends well being steamed.

Beech properties